“News” created and disseminated for the purpose of achieving political advantage: discrediting political.
“News” created and disseminated with the aim of achieving political advantages: discrediting political competitors (including during election campaigns), provoking street riots, violent change of power, etc.
“News” created to discriminate against persons on the basis of sex, race, nationality, language, origin, property and official status, place of residence, attitude to religion, beliefs, affiliation with public. The law “On the Rights of Persons with Disabilities” prohibits discrimination. A good example of this is the “news of information wars”, which are waged parallel to the real warfare in hotspots of our planet.
“News” created and disseminated for the purpose of increasing Internet traffic. Users of social networks, as well as messengers like Viber, WatsApp, etc. constantly encounter numerous examples of such “news”.
information about lost children, pets, rare blood types, etc., is spreading through social networks like a virus, multiplying the income of mobile operators by increasing internet traffic. On New Year’s Eve, the following news appeared in social networks across the country: “Information from our infectious diseases hospital. 10 children in intensive care, 2 died. Caused by Chinese tangerines with twigs!” “The ‘information’ was continuously refuted by medics at infectious disease hospitals in various localities1.
“News” created and disseminated for the purpose of fraudulent seizure of money and other property of consumers. Such news often includes news about raising money for the treatment of seriously ill children, which, in fact, turn out to be untrue.
“News” created for the purpose of damaging information stored on a user’s computer. Thus, under the “news” about the death of the famous actor Brad Pitt, allegedly coming from from the U.S. television station Fox News, a malicious computer virus was disguised and activated when the message was clicked.
“News” created and distributed to draw attention to an individual, company, project or movement. For example, this is how the image of a new “idol” was “promoted” among Russian teenagers at the end of 2015 – a girl known under the Internet meme Rina “Nya.Bye”. On November 23, 2015. Rina, 16, lay down on the railroad tracks a few meters away from a freight train moving in her direction. A photo of the girl with her head cut off was posted online almost instantly. After the excitement caused by Rina’s death, a rumor was started in the social networking site VKontakte that the girl was a member of one of the groups playing a so-called suicide quest with users. As a result, the interest in the “game” with tragic consequences provoked by such “news” increased manifold.
“News” created and disseminated for the purpose of manipulating the market or obtaining certain advantages in economic activity. For example, on the morning of July 14, 2017, on the New York Stock Exchange, Twitter’s stock suddenly went up in price. The price of rose 8 percent, boosting its capitalization by about two billion dollars. The rise in capitalization was due to the the spread of fake news about the alleged purchase of Twitter for $31 billion. The fake news was posted on the fake website bloomberg.market, the design of which was copied from the real Bloomberg Agency website. The publication noted that the buyer could be Google.
“News” that could raise doubts about their “fakeness” and encourage consumers to verify the information they receive.
“News” falsified so convincingly that that there is little doubt that they are “fake”.
In a Trend Micro study titled “The Fake News Machine. How Propagandists Are Abusing
How Propagandists Abuse and Manipulate the Public” shows how easily and inexpensively customers and producers of fake news can manipulate the public consciousness. SpaceX and Tesla founder Elon Musk, in a speech to a meeting of the U.S. National Governors Association, made a call to be proactive in regulating the scope of “artificial intelligence: “Robots can start a war by issuing fake news and press releases, forging email accounts and manipulating information. The pen is mightier than the sword.”
Fake news fits seamlessly into the concept of “post-truth.” “Post-truth,” named “word of the year” in 2016 of the year,” according to the Oxford Dictionary, “describes or denotes circumstances in which objective facts are less important in shaping public opinion than appeals to emotion and personal conviction. ” The above analysis of possible classifications of fake news clearly demonstrates the danger that of this media phenomenon in today’s conditions of of information technology. Figuratively speaking, the uncontrolled spread of fake news can provoke a kind of “information terrorist attacks” of enormous destructive power. Awareness of the negative aspects of this phenomenon prompts social and state institutions to search for mechanisms to filter out fake news.
